The olfactive facets
The architecture of a perfume is visually represented in the form of an olfactory pyramid, with the top notes being on the top of the pyramid, the heart notes in the middle and the base notes in the bottom.
The olfactory pyramid allows the perfumer to architect his perfume and make it harmonious. It is used to balance the orchestration of a formula and to make the evaporation of the fragrance continuous and gradual. In this way, the perfume can deliver all its facets and the fragrance comes to life.
Just like a chord in music, a perfume is built around an accord, which is the main theme of a perfume. By assembling various components, from 5 to 10, the perfumer-creator creates the architecture of the fragrance, which is in fact the soul of the perfume, the emotions that it evokes to the person who smells it.
The Comité Français du Parfum (CFP) classifies the pallets of scents and notes into 6 families of perfume (or main accord).
The 6 olfactory families
- The hesperidae family (see Hesperidae facet)
- The floral family (cf. Floral family)
- The amber or oriental family (cf. The amber or oriental family)
- The chypre family (cf. The chypre family)
- The woody family (see Woody facets)
- The fern/ fougère family (cf. Fern facet)
All these families can be both feminine and masculine but, generally, the floral family is more feminine and the fern family more masculine.
The perfumer-creator can dress each main theme or accord with one or more olfactory facets to make the architecture of the perfume more complex.
The olfactory facets dress the olfactory families. It should be noted that the different accords, oriental or amber, chypre, ferns, woody, floral, citrus, can be expressed in a fragrance in the form of olfactory families or in the form of facets.
The different olfactive facets
From the most volatile to the most persistent notes, you will find the following facets:
- The citrus facet
Composed of citrus fruits: very fresh, lively, sparkling notes such as lemon, orange, bergamot, lime, grapefruit, yuzu, etc.
- The new freshness facet
It is more "technical", evoking “splash” notes, very tonic and clean, more often used in fragrances for men.
- The aromatic facet
It is made up of aromatic notes such as fresh plants that can be found in a garden: mint, lavender, lavandin, tarragon, rosemary or thyme. They bring a lot of freshness with a character.
- The marine facet
Iodine or oceanic is most often brought by synthetic notes that give a fresh, invigorating wind effect and make one think of scents reminiscent of the ocean.
- The green or vegetal facet
The green facet is composed of invigorating notes and scents of cut grass or crumpled leaves.
- The aldehydic facet
This facet is more technical and is composed of "clean and metallic" scents. They have the power to enhance the freshness and to make the other facets vibrate, especially the floral facet.
- The floral facet
There are many categories of flowers: spring, pink, white, powdered, solar, spicy. The green flowers will act more in top notes, the white flower notes more in the heart notes (cf. Orange Blossom Collection by Sylvaine Delacourte).
- The solar facet
The solar facet is given by flowers such as sambac jasmine, ylang-ylang, frangipani, tuberose and tiare flower. These flowers are often accompanied by exotic fruity notes and by salicylated notes, that smell like warm sand and sun-warmed skin.
- The fruity facet
Fresh fruits such as pear and apple will be fresher than red fruits such as cherry, strawberry, or exotic fruits such as coconut and mango. Few fruity raw materials are natural.
- The spicy facet
Fresh spices will act more as top notes, such as cardamom, ginger, pepper, etc. Warmer spices will act more as the heart and bottom notes, such as nutmeg, cinnamon, saffron, etc.
- The fern facet
It is based on the fern accord created by perfumer Houbigant in the 19th century. It's a rather fresh and masculine accord that smells like our grandfathers' shaving foam, which is the classic fern accord. The modern fern accord smells more like clean aftershave scents.
- The woody facet
Some woods will be more present in the top notes, such as vetiver. Sandalwood, cedar, and patchouli, on the other hand, are more present in the heart and base notes. Woods can be fresh and vibrant, warm and velvety, but also dark and intense.
- The chypre facet
The chypre facet is always woody, but denser in patchouli and moss notes. The chypre accord that was created by Guerlain or Coty (depending on the source) is a classic perfume accord, it can remain classic or treated in a more modern way.
- The oriental or amber facet
Was the classic oriental note created by Guerlain or Coty? It is made up of resins, balms, vanilla notes, patchouli and other warmer notes.
- The gourmet facet
It can support oriental or amber notes but can dress all the other olfactory families. They are regressive and titillate the taste buds (cf. Collection Vanille by Sylvaine Delacourte).
- The powdery facet
It is characterized by vaporous, airy scents that evoke rice powders. It’s often based on iris, violet, mimosa, etc.
- The musky facet
It is composed of white musk notes that are synthetic ingredients, originally found in animal musks that are now forbidden. They bring a soft, cocooning and enveloping side. They are very tenacious notes (cf. Musk Collection by Sylvaine Delacourte).
- The animal facet
Except for ambergris, hyraceum and beeswax, animal notes are now prohibited, namely civet, castoreum and musk. Vegetable notes such as indole or musky notes with animal facets can bring a sensual tone. They are extremely tenacious.
If a perfume is orchestrated with many facets, it is said to be a faceted fragrance. The more faceted it is, the more complex it is, the more surprises it will offer. It can be more appreciated by people who are olfactory educated. A not very faceted perfume is more direct and will please more people who seek simple and pure fragrances.
Sylvaine Delacourte fragrances
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More articles
The olfactive pyramid
Sylvaine Delacourte explains in detail the meaning of the olfactive pyramid and how it is generally represented in perfumery.
The notes
To fully understand the meaning of notes in perfumery, we first need to understand the orchestration of a perfume.
The accord
In perfumery, the terminologies used are often borrowed from other sectors of activity, such as architecture, gemmology or music. For example, we talk about structure, olfactory pyramid, colours, facets and orchestration to describe the composition of a perfume, but also about accord. In the same way as a chord in music, the chord in perfumery describes a combination of several notes.
The raw materials
Amongst the raw materials available to the perfumer, we will distinguish many elements: Flowers Fruits Other plant materials Musk Castoreum Civet Ambergris Beeswax Hyraceum Synthetic raw materials Woods Aromatic herbs Spices Balms or resins
The masculine and feminine olfactive families
Whether they are feminine or masculine, olfactory families participate in the main theme of a perfume, in the construction of its soul. It is notably thanks to these families that we can classify a perfume. Here are the main olfactory families: The chypre family The hesperidae (citrus) family The floral family The oriental or amber family The woody family The ferns family